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Spathularia flavida
''Spathularia flavida'', commonly known as the yellow earth tongue, the yellow fan, or the fairy fan, is an ascomycete fungus found in coniferous forests of Asia, Europe and North America. It produces a small, fan- or spoon-shaped fruit body with a flat, wavy or lobed cream to yellow colored "head" raised on a white to cream stalk. The height is usually approximately , and up to . The fungus fruits on the ground in mosses, forest duff or humus, and fruit bodies may occur singly, in large groups, or in fairy rings. The spores produced by the fungus are needle-like, and up to 95 micrometers long. Several varieties have been described that differ largely in their microscopic characteristics. ''S. flavida'' has been described by authorities variously as inedible, of unknown edibility, or edible but tough.
==Taxonomy and naming==
The species was first described in 1774 by the German botanist Jacob Christian Schäffer. Schaeffer gave it the binomial ''Elvella clavata'', and called it ''Der keulenförmige Faltenschwamm'' ("the club-shaped wrinkled sponge") in the vernacular.〔 In 1794, Christian Hendrik Persoon published ''Spathularia flavida'' as a ''nomen novum'' (new replacement name),〔 as Schaeffer's published name was not legitimate. Elias Fries sanctioned this name in the first edition of his ''Systema Mycologicum'' (1821).〔 According to the taxonomical database MycoBank,〔 additional synonyms include ''Boletus elvela'' as defined by August Johann Georg Karl Batsch in 1783, and ''Spathularia clavata'' published by Pier Andrea Saccardo in 1889. In a 1955 publication, American mycologist Edwin Butterworth Mains considered Charles Horton Peck's 1903 ''Mitruliopsis flavida''〔 to be the same species as ''S. flavida''.〔
The mushroom is commonly known as the "yellow earth tongue", "yellow fan",〔〔 of "fairy fan".〔 Samuel Gray called it the "yellowish spatula-stool" in his 1821 ''Natural Arrangement of British plants''.〔 The specific epithet ''flavida'' is Latin for "blonde" or "golden yellow".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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